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The city of ancient Pergamon (or Pergamum, today's Bergama) was created by the newly-founded royal dynasty in the mid-third century BCE. It became one of the classic late-Hellenistic cities, on a dramatically steep site, with imaginatiave solutions to the urban design problems created by the site, wonderfully embellished by the generous attention of its royal (and other) patrons. The site divides into two main sections, the steep upper town and the flat lower town.

Pergamum’s dominant feature is its acropolis, the hill on which the highest portion of the city was built. The acropolis rises above the plain below, commanding a spectacular view of the surrounding region.